An Experimental Investigation on Four Stroke CI Engine with Diesel and Bio-Diesel Blend as fuel: Hazelnut

An experimental investigation was carried out to analyze non-edible oils (hazelnut) in blending with normal diesel fuel with approximate proportions of 5%, 10 % , 15%, 20% and 25% by volume in a mono cylinder, four stroke vertical, water cooled, Compression Ignition engine. Experimentation was performed by using the above fuel blends in the compression ignition engine operating at different loads. A comparative analysis was made on the output parameters such as emissions like oxides of nitrogen(NOx), total unburned hydro carbons, oxides of carbon(COx), and partially burned hydro carbons, Brake specific fuel consumption, Brake Thermal Efficiency, smoke density, temperature of exhaust gases, for all blends prepared with bio-fuels mixing with normal diesel fuel at different proportions mentioned above. It was known that engine is giving better performance by using a blend B20 with proportions of 20% hazelnut bio-fuel and 80% conventional diesel fuel without any modifying in design parameters and operating characteristics of the engine. Engine working on bio-diesels blend as fuel are showing considerable reduction in emissions like oxides of carbon and hydro carbons but with marginal increase in oxides of nitrogen without effecting brake thermal efficiency when compared with conventional neat diesel fuel. The corresponding neat diesel fuel operation, the bio-fuel oil blends show decrease in emissions of smoke with marginal increase in NOx with unchanged brake thermal efficiency. Hazelnut bio-diesel having better properties next to diesel fuel in comparison with other bio fuels

Parameter optimization in milling of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) using DOE-Taguchi method

Introduction: Optimization of machining parameters is essential for improving expected outcome of any machining operation. Case Description: The aim of this work is to find out optimum values of machining parameters to achieve minimal surface roughness during milling operation of GFRP. Discussion and Evaluation: In this machining operation speed, depth of cut and feed rate are considered as parameters affecting surface roughness and Design of Experiment (DOE)-Taguchi method tool is used to plan experiments and analyse results. Conclusion: Analysis of experimental results presents optimum values of these three parameters to achieve minimal surface roughness with speed as a major contributing factor. Speed—200 rpm, depth of cut—1.2 mm and feed—40 mm/min are an optimal combination of machining parameter to produce minimal surface roughness during milling of GFRP

Performance Characteristics of an Four Stroke Compression Ignition Engine by Arranging Convergent Divergent Nozzle in the Intake Manifold

Growing demands on reduction of Internal Combustion Engine fuel consumption with increase of its performance new designs and optimization of existing ones are introduced. Air motion in CI Engine influences the atomization and distribution of fuel injected in the air charge. Better atomization of Injected fuel allows for a more complete burn and helps to reduce the engine Knock. A four stroke compression ignition engine with power 9 H.P and rated speed 1500 rpm is selected for the present work to investigate the performance characteristics. The swirl motion of the air is an important parameter in optimizing the performance of the engine. In order to increase the air velocity in the inlet manifold a convergent-divergent nozzle is used. The rise in velocity with the use of nozzle generates turbulence at the exit of the manifold which facilitates for better combustion of injected fuel. The Performance characteristics were calculated without nozzle and with out nozzle in the inlet manifold and compared

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A FOUR STROKE COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE WITH VARIOUS HELICAL THREADED INTAKE MANIFOLDS

Fuel economy remains the prime factor favoring the application of the diesel engines and the need to improve performance regarding power output or lower fuel consumption or preferably both, has led to research in the engine systems. This research includes design and orientation of the inlet manifold, which is a major factor effecting the performance of the engine.A four stroke air cooled compression ignition engine with power 9 H.P and rated speed 1500 rpm was selected to investigate the performance characteristics. The swirl motion of the air is an important parameter in optimizing the performance of an engine. For better turbulence the surface of the inlet manifolds (C.I Engine) will be made rough and unpolished. Here, for obtaining better turbulence the helical threads were arranged in the inlet manifolds. The performance test was performed on the engine with the normal manifold and helical threaded manifolds of pitch 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, and 25mm. The performance characteristics with normal manifold and helical threaded manifolds were calculated and compared

Tip Clearance Effects on Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor

Abstract-Tip clearance effects on flow field of a low speed centrifugal compressor performance is tested experimentally by using partial shroud (PS) attached to the rotor blade tip at three values of tip clearances i.e. = 2.2%, 5.1 % and 7.9 % of blade height at trailing edge are examined at three flow coefficients 0.18, 0.28, and 0.34. The effect of tip clearance on total pressure coefficient and static pressure coefficient exit of the compressor is analyzed. The drop in static pressure coefficient and total pressure coefficient with increase in tip clearance is found to be high at the tip of the blade due to high pressure fluid leakage at the tip of the blade. Performance reduction with tip clearance is observed. The mass averaged total and static pressures at the rotor exit at the three values of tip clearances clearly show that partial shrouds are beneficial in improving the pressure rise of the compressor. This benefit is found to be more at the higher value of tip clearance tested

TGA, DSC, DTG Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Feather Fibers of 'Emu' Bird

Abstract: The use of composite material in engineering application is increasing. Now a day's researchers are focusing on natural fiber composites. In the present work composites were prepared with epoxy resin and emu bird feathers as fiber. The composites were prepared by varying percentage weight (P) of emu fiber ranging from 1 to 5 and length (L) of feather fibers from 1 to 5 cm. The thermal properties like Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Degradation Temperatures for the emu feather fiber epoxy composites were analyzed

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GREEN COCONUT FIBER REINFORCED HDPE POLYMER COMPOSITE

ABSTRACT: During the last few years, natural fibers have received much more attention than ever before from the research community all over the world. These natural fibers offer a number of advantages over traditional synthetic fibers. The present study aims to determine the mechanical properties namely, Tensile strength (TS), Flexural strength (FS), and Impact strength (IS) of green coconut fiber reinforced HDPE polymer composite material. Experiments are planned to produce the test specimens according Taguchi's L 9 orthogonal arry concept. The control parameters considered were fiber volume fraction (V f ) and fiber length (f l ). An attempt has been made to model the mechanical properties through response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to check the validity of the model. The results indicated that the developed models are suitable for prediction of mechanical properties of green coconut fiber reinforced HDPE composite